Sepsis is a response to infection. In some cases, the body has an extreme reaction to the chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight invaders, and the changes that occur cause multi-system organ damage. When sepsis progresses to this point, it is called septic shock. This medical emergency can lead to death if not treated promptly.
The most common cause of septic shock is a hospital-acquired infection. Immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses are more at risk. Septic shock can also occur after surgery if the surgical site becomes infected. Toxic shock is an uncommon form of septic shock caused by staph and strep infections.
Predisposing risk factors for septic shock include diseases of the intestinal, biliary, respiratory, or urinary systems and those that weaken the immune system. Leukemia, lymphoma, and a history of organ or bone marrow transplant also increase one's risk. Sepsis can quickly advance to septic shock in newborn babies, pregnant women, and the elderly.
Some people are at greater risk of septic shock than others, but because infection causes it,
, regardless of the underlying disease.
Once a patient progresses from sepsis to septic shock, the main treatment goal is to
. Many people need intubation and mechanical ventilation to help them breathe. Metabolic support is also necessary to meet nutritional needs and maintain proper electrolyte balance.
Prognosis heavily depends on how quickly the medical team initiates treatment. Today, septic shock mortality is between 30 and 40 percent. Poorer outcomes occur when treatment is not immediate and aggressive. If multi-system organ failure develops or if metabolic processes like lactic or metabolic acidosis are not well controlled, reversing septic shock is exceptionally difficult and often results in fatalities.
In some cases, it is impossible to avoid septic shock. The best prevention is the prompt and effective treatment of bacterial infections. Anyone showing signs of sepsis or septic shock should seek emergency treatment right away.
Even recovered individuals face possible complications. The organs can be permanently damaged, and gangrene may occur if fluids are not adequately administered to extremities.
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