A goiter is a painless swelling of the thyroid gland that occurs when the gland is overactive or underactive. The whole neck can become enlarged, a visible sign that often causes the person to feel self-conscious. While goiters are not usually painful, large growths can cause a cough, as well as problems with swallowing and breathing. A doctor should investigate any swelling in the neck; medication can often control this symptom of hyperthyroidism.

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