Two of the problems linked to kidney failure — low blood oxygen levels and reduced blood flow due to heart failure — can affect the brain, causing memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Insomnia can also be a contributing factor; sleep deprivation prevents normal memory function. The problem tends to get worse as waste products build up in the bloodstream, creating chronic inflammation and throwing off the balance of free radicals and antioxidants. Research shows evidence of cognitive decline in up to 70% of people who are on dialysis for kidney failure in late-stage CKD.

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