Depending on the cause of food poisoning, a doctor might prescribe antibiotics or antiviral medication. This is more common in severe cases when the body must fend off a particularly potent viral or bacterial strain, or when one's immunity is limited for another reason. One strain of food poisoning that can require antibiotics is listeria. This dangerous bacteria can be fatal, especially in those with weakened immune systems. If food poisoning symptoms last more than 36 hours, or if the individual cannot keep down food or water for 24 hours, a doctor should intervene.

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