What is Fascism?

8. Fascist Philosophy

Fascist ideology leans heavily on the idea that strength and unity matter more than individual rights. The 19th-century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche influenced some of these ideas—particularly his concept of the “superman,” a person who rises above conventional morality and weakness to forge their own path. Fascists distorted this philosophy to justify authoritarian rule and the rejection of equality.

Another major influence was Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile, who co-wrote parts of Mussolini’s doctrine. He believed that individuals only found meaning through the state and that personal freedom should serve national strength. In fascism, the government isn’t just a structure—it’s seen as the highest expression of the people.