The calf muscles work with the Achilles tendon to help lift the heels while walking. Two primary muscles form the calf. The larger of the two, the gastrocnemius muscle, forms the bulge in the calf, and the soleus muscle, a smaller flat muscle, lies underneath it. Some children are born with shorter calf muscles. Others experience a shortening of these calf muscles over time. These physical anomalies can prevent the child from walking flat-footed.

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