Up to 17 tick species are capable of transmitting anaplasmosis. In humans, the Ixodes genus of ticks is usually responsible. These hard-bodied ticks include the western black-legged tick in the western United States or the Tasmanian paralysis tick in Australia. In the United States, the disease appears most commonly in the Northeastern and upper Midwestern states. One of the most common carriers of anaplasmosis bacteria is the white-footed mouse. Though other animals can carry the bacteria, they are usually infected with strains that do not cause human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

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