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Vulvar cancer is a rare but serious condition, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that around 6,000 women are diagnosed with vulvar cancer each year, most commonly after age 70. This type of cancer affects the external female genitals — including the labia majora, labia minora, and clitoral area — and symptoms vary depending on the specific type: squamous cell carcinoma (the most common), adenocarcinoma, or melanoma. Recognizing early signs of vulvar cancer can improve outcomes and lead to faster treatment.

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1. Persistent Itch

One of the first symptoms of vulvar cancer is an itch in the affected area that does not go away. Some women find the sensation becomes worse at night, interrupting sleep, or that it is worse with movement. This symptom is caused by the tumor growing. A burning sensation may accompany the itchy feeling, and bleeding may occasionally present.

3D illustration of a uterus with fallopian tubes and ovaries, hovering above a gloved hand, symbolizing reproductive health care on a teal background.

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This site offers information designed for educational purposes only. You should not rely on any information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or as a substitute for, professional counseling care, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other healthcare professional.