There is no simple blood test to confirm Reiter's syndrome, making it hard to diagnose. Additionally, affected individuals often don't connect their symptoms, so when they see a doctor about back pain, they fail to mention conjunctivitis or the infection they recently had, which makes it difficult to see the connection. To reach a diagnosis, a doctor will first rule out other causes of arthritis. They may perform blood tests looking for signs of the infections that commonly cause Reiter's syndrome, and ask for a medical history to identify flulike symptoms from the initial infection.

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