What Are Hypnic Jerks and How Can They Affect Sleep?

3. Who is Most at Risk?

There does not appear to be a clear gender or age relationship to hypnic jerks. Factors that increase the risk include mental or physical stress, excessive caffeine or other stimulants, and exercise too close to bedtime. Fatigue and irregular or poor sleep habits are other possible contributors. Research also shows that hypnic jerks are more common in people with Parkinson's disease, although this is an area that needs more research. They're also more frequent in people who get migraines and in children with neurological disorders.