The stomach produces a strong acidic mixture that allows it to digest food. This is the gastric acid. The lower esophageal sphincter helps ensure the acid remains in the stomach, keeping it from entering the esophagus and scarring it. Scarification can lead to constriction of the tube and trouble swallowing. If this happens frequently, doctors may diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease. People with this disease experience recurring heartburn and chest pain.

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