Doctors can often diagnose chest infections based on symptoms. They may wish to carry out a chest examination, especially if they suspect pneumonia. This may involve listening for crackling or rattling sounds using a stethoscope. Tapping the chest can also help detect fluid on the lungs, which is a sign of pneumonia. A doctor may order a chest x-ray and test the patient's mucus or sputum. This is more likely if the doctor suspects severe pneumonia or if the person fails to respond to treatment.

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