10 Conditions That Affect the Lungs

6. Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disorder characterized by scarring of the lungs. Sometimes, there is an identifiable cause, but if the cause is unknown, the condition is known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is usually progressive and has a poor prognosis. Early signs are shortness of breath that worsens and a nonproductive cough. Risk factors include tobacco smoke, dust, wood, or metal exposure.

The current theory about the origin of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is that an injury to the alveoli triggers an immune system response that causes tissue remodeling and scarring. There is no cure for this condition; in severe cases, doctors may recommend a lung transplant.