If the condition is suspected, a doctor will observe the alignment of the patella with the thigh bone. Resistive pressure on an extended kneecap helps judge swelling and tenderness around the knee. X-rays identify bone damage, misalignment, or arthritis. An MRI scan views cartilage wear and tear, and in some cases, the doctor may conduct an arthroscopic exam by inserting an endoscope and camera into the knee joint. Aspirating synovial fluid through a needle can also help medical professionals find inflammation, infection, or injury.

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