Most pulmonary embolisms happen when a blood clot forms in the legs (a condition called deep vein thrombosis) and breaks loose, traveling to the lungs. The clot blocks blood flow in a lung artery, reducing oxygen and potentially damaging lung tissue. Though less common, other substances—like fat from a broken bone, air bubbles, or tumor fragments—can also cause blockages. If the clot cuts off blood flow long enough to damage lung tissue, it’s known as a pulmonary infarction.

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