Several factors can provoke muscle spasms, and most of them are harmless. Athletes are most prone to leg and toe cramps, as are those participating in long periods of rigorous exercise and physical activity. Cramps are especially common in high-heat conditions, usually a side effect of dehydration and lost electrolytes. Wearing too-tight shoes or holding a body position, such as standing on tiptoes, can also cause unnecessary strain, leading to restricted blood flow and muscle cramps.
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