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10. Diagnosing Color Blindness

Four tests can diagnose color vision deficiency: Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR), Ishihara Color Plates, D-15, and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue disk-matching. HRR shows colored numbers against a colored background of dots to test for tritan defects. Ishihara tests are similar to HRR, but they test for red-green defects. The D-15 is a test of 15 color plates that must be put in the correct coded order while Farnsworth-Munsell tests chromatic discrimination between 100 different hues.

colorblind color blindness

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