Some people with Scheuermann’s disease develop complications. Chronic, radiating back pain and decreased flexibility may lead to a sedentary lifestyle. With age, there are increased risks of disc degeneration and cord compression, and some develop spinal osteoarthritis. Continued deformity of the thoracic area may occur in a small number of people, causing progressing cosmetic deformity. Cardiopulmonary symptoms are also possible due to the kyphosis and its proximity to the lungs, and severe cases can compress the digestive tract, causing related issues.

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