Because chayote squash contains a significant amount of water and potassium, it has powerful diuretic effects. A diuretic is a substance that promotes increased production of urine. Though diuretics have many beneficial effects, the most notable is the removal of excess sodium, chloride, and potassium from the body. Physicians also use diuretics in treatments for heart failure, hypertension, water poisoning, certain kidney diseases, and liver cirrhosis. Many athletes who compete in sports such as boxing or wrestling use diuretics to temporarily reduce their body weight to meet weight requirements.

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