Doctors use flexible sigmoidoscopies to diagnose a number of conditions, including colon cancer, colon polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and rectal ulcers. A doctor may also perform a sigmoidoscopy to evaluate the progression of these conditions or how well they are responding to treatment. A doctor may also perform an exploratory sigmoidoscopy in an attempt to find the cause of the patient's symptoms.

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