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4. Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs through the transmission of Leishmania protozoa via the bite of a sand fly. Around 1 million people a year come into contact with this parasite, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. The parasite infects a type of white blood cell in the body and can occur cutaneously or viscerally. Cutaneous leishmaniasis results in skin sores while the visceral infection leads to organ damage and, if left untreated, death.

leishmaniasis white blood cell infection EzumeImages / Getty Images

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