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8. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Most people know ALS as Lou Gehrig’s disease, a condition that causes the death of the neurons that control the voluntary muscles. Without these neurons, the muscles become stiff and weak and may spasm. Eventually, those with ALS develop difficulty speaking, eating, and breathing. Around half of the individuals with ALS also experience cognitive or behavioral issues. These issues can present themselves as apathy, repeated actions, or a loss of inhibition. The disease doesn’t affect the sensory nerves in any meaningful way, so individuals retain their ability to see, smell, taste, feel, and hear.

muscle twitches and spasms

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