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7. Pharmacological Treatment

Because the cause is unknown, esophageal spasms are difficult to treat. Some medications may be effective, including anticholinergics, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, and long-acting nitrates. Botulinum toxin type A may also be injected into the esophageal sphincter to relax the muscle, but this is a rare approach to treatment.

medication treatment gerd MikeyLPT / Getty Images

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