Esophageal band ligation can staunch the flow of blood in ruptured varicies, as well, but in extreme cases, the patient may require a liver transplant. If the person has lost a lot of blood, a blood transfusion can restore normal blood volume. The doctor may also recommend a shunt to help reduce pressure in the portal vein. However, because this can cause serious side effects, this treatment is recommended only when all other possible routes have failed.

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