As hiatal hernias increase in size and severity, they fall into one of two classifications. The first type, a sliding hiatal hernia, occurs when the gastroesophageal junction and the stomach begin to protrude into the chest cavity. Sliding hiatal hernias are usually small and distinguished by their ability to move in and out of the cavity rather than remaining fixed. This is the most common form of hiatal hernia and has the fewest symptoms. A person with a sliding hiatal hernia can experience no symptoms at all, or advanced symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, regurgitation, and nausea.

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