The Most Common Genetic Diseases

4. Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that causes deformed red blood cells. Eventually, the cells break down and die, leading to an ongoing red blood cell shortage. This prevents hemoglobin from transporting enough oxygen to tissues, which can lead to fatigue, frequent infections, and other symptoms.

Another hallmark of sickle cell disease is a condition known as sickle cell crisis: episodes of extreme pain that vary in duration and intensity.