A small number of COPD patients develop the illness because they suffer from a genetic imbalance called alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This substance is a protein that normally protects the lungs against various enzymes that naturally occur in the body. When COPD is caused by this genetic problem, it usually develops before the age of 35. Studies also show that smokers with brothers and sisters who got COPD are at more risk than others of also developing this disease.

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