Diagnostics can confuse aplastic anemia with a myelodysplastic syndrome that causes deformed or underdeveloped stem cells. Often, this disorder can create more of these blood cells instead of less. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria causes red blood cells to break down too soon but may eventually lead to aplastic anemia. Some blood cancers initially look like aplastic anemia, but further tests usually reveal the correct diagnosis.

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