4. Colonization vs Infection
People can be colonized or infected with ESBL-producing bacteria. "Colonized" means the bacteria are present in or on their body but are not causing an infection, while "infected" means the bacteria are causing an illness. Colonization can increase a person's risk of infection, especially people who are critically ill or immunocompromised, and people who are colonized are at risk spreading the bacteria to other people.
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