The cause of dementia is unknown, but researchers have found large numbers of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brains of people with dementia. In Alzheimer's patients, these abnormal protein deposits in the brain lead to the death of nerve cells. Researchers suggest that other causes of dementia may include vascular damage, Lewy body accumulation, or even certain vitamin deficiencies. Each type of dementia affects the brain in different ways, which is why symptoms can vary so widely and why the progression of the disease can differ from person to person.

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