Although researchers identified PANDAS as a medical syndrome a decade ago, it was classified as a subset of PANS or pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome more recently. Unlike PANDAS, streptococcus does not lead to PANS. The latter disorder has similar neurologic symptoms, but studies indicate links to infections and metabolic disturbances such as mycoplasma, mononucleosis, Lyme disease, and the H1N1 flu virus. Bloodwork generally shows signs of inflammation.

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