Understanding and Managing Swollen Feet

2. Liver disease and swelling

The liver plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance, in part by producing albumin, a protein that keeps fluid in the bloodstream. When liver function declines—due to cirrhosis, hepatitis, or another condition—albumin levels can drop. This allows fluid to leak into surrounding tissues, causing swelling in the feet and ankles. Advanced liver disease may also lead to portal hypertension, a rise in pressure in the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This can worsen fluid buildup in the lower body. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of liver damage and may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or even transplant in advanced cases.