Avascular necrosis or bone infarction is the death of bone tissue. While a clear cause is lacking in some cases, risk factors include excessive alcohol consumption, use of high-dose steroids, and bone fractures. When a factor reduces or removes blood supply, complete bone tissue death happens within a week, with the bone marrow fat cells being the last to go. Under favorable conditions, restoration of blood flow can prompt repair, resulting in new and functional bone tissue.

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