In severe or untreated cases, E. coli can lead to kidney failure. This is more likely in people with compromised immune systems — the elderly, young children, and those with underlying health conditions — but it can happen to anyone if an infection is left to progress. Staying hydrated significantly reduces this risk, so monitoring your urine output is worth taking seriously. If you're showing signs of infection, see a doctor sooner rather than later to discuss whether treatment, including antibiotics, is appropriate for your situation.

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