In cases where the cause is unclear or requires a more radical response, splenomegaly patients have two surgical options: partial or complete splenectomy. A partial splenectomy enables the patient to maintain some spleen function and reduces the probability of infection. According to a May 2018 study, humans need as little as 25 to 30 percent of the spleen to maintain a good immune response. However, in the cases of chronic illnesses, a complete splenectomy may be the best option.

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