Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency can cause a wide range of health problems, including a low white blood cell count. If the body does not have the vitamins and nutrients it needs, it cannot carry out vital processes such as the production of red or white blood cells. Causes of malnutrition include eating disorders such as anorexia or binge eating, but even people who eat enough calories can develop deficiencies due to the types of foods they are consuming. Vitamins B6, B12, C, D, and iron top the list of the most common deficiencies in the US.

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