Understanding Anorexia through its 10 Symptoms

5. Osteoporosis: Thinning of the Bones

Many people with anorexia nervosa have low bone density and, consequently, reduced bone strength. Thus, their risk of fracturing a bone is increased. The low bone density in anorexics has several causes related to how the body changes its hormone production in response to low body weight. Levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) are reduced, while levels of the steroid cortisol are increased. In women, this leads to a reduction in estrogen, and estrogen protects a women's bones from osteoporosis. In women, poor nutrition and reduced muscle mass may also contribute to low bone density. Similarly, low hormone levels, weight loss, and malnutrition may be responsible for the low bone density found in men with the condition.