The thyroid sends signals to the body to grow; specifically, to produce more skeletal and muscle cells. It also is responsible for the onset of puberty -- it adjusts male- and female-specific hormones to prompt and guide the develop secondary sex characteristics. In women, the thyroid also determines menarche and the onset of menopause. The gland aids in metabolizing food and affects energy levels -- a sluggish thyroid slows metabolism. The thyroid also balances hormone levels.

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