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21. Long-term complications

Long-term reflux can have complications. Erosive esophagitis can occur, characterized by ulcers on the esophagus lining, and esophageal strictures can result from scarring at the base of the esophagus.

Another complication is Barrett's esophagus. In this condition, the acid changes the composition of the tissue in the esophagus, causing it to be more like the tissue in the small intestine, which can lead to a rare form of cancer.

Woman with thyroid gland problem bymuratdeniz / Getty Images

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